COVID-19 Report #2: Zainab Abdurrahman

Member of the Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table

I’d like to extend a warm welcome to all my new subscribers! Credit and thanks go to Mathew Crawford of Rounding the Earth fame, for spreading the word about a list of “Must Read Substacks” surrounding the COVID-19 crisis, which is likely what brought you here.

I encourage you to visit the list if you haven’t already and subscribe to those that interest you. The list has reached (at a glance) around 50 newsletters, each with their own individual focus and area of expertise. The authors are heroes and many of their stories will be new to you.

Subscribe to Mathew’s RTE, and stay tuned for an upcoming article discussing a very important project we’re working on together. What was once a solitary journey of rediscovery has launched into an initiative that is in the process of changing the world, for the better necessary. One might describe it as… “uplifting”.

Lastly, I will soon write a proper introduction of who I am, what I do, and why I’m doing it. For now, consider me a friendly Canadian fighting to save my world and extending a hand to my brothers and sisters who are ready to live in the light once again.

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For today, I am excited to bring you my second COVID-19 report. This time I am focusing on Dr. Zainab Abdurrahman, an allergist and family physician in Ontario, Canada.

Source: DrZA.org

To repeat the blurb from my first report: The full report is included here, and I encourage you to download a copy for yourself to print and distribute, or simply for archival purposes. No need to credit me as the information itself is what’s important.
This time, I’m going to include the entire report in the body of the Substack article as well as attach the PDF for download at the bottom.

As of this issue, I will also be including a link to the Campfire Wiki page associated with each report. For Dr. Abdurrahman’s Wiki page, click here!

An important note: everything I write about is fully sourced, referenced and cited. I’m not making anything up. I am not unbiased, but I am deeply committed to evidence-based science and reporting, and will do nothing less than that here. Most importantly, all my resources are included for you to “fact-check” for yourself and evaluate their reliability and verifiability.

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Executive Summary:

The Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table is self-described as “a group of scientific experts and health system leaders who evaluate and report on emerging evidence relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic, to inform Ontario’s response.” They claim to integrate information from “existing scientific tables, Ontario’s universities and agencies, and the best global evidence.”¹

Canadian news outlets and Ontario provincial, regional and municipal governments defer almost exclusively to the instructions and statements provided by the various working groups of the Table. The group is largely responsible for draconian and dangerous measures such as lockdowns, ² forced school and business closures, social distancing, mandatory mask-wearing, mass testing of the healthy, suppression of safe and effective medicines and healthy activities, and reckless mass-vaccination of adults and children.³ ⁴

One member is Dr. Zainab Abdurrahman, who sits on the Drugs & Biologics Clinical Practice Guidelines Working Group. Despite claims of independence, Abdurrahman holds simultaneous positions across private practice locations, academic employment, government advisory boards, vaccine task forces, non-profit organizations, medical associations, and emergency care facilities, creating a tangled web of Conflicts of Interest (COIs). Startlingly, she also has strong ties to the pharmaceutical industry that are not fully disclosed.

This means that Abdurrahman can not contribute to an independent discussion on public health policy without risk of influence from her conflicting interests, which are primarily relationships with pharmaceutical companies. ⁵

1. Abdurrahman has received money directly from ALK, Bausch Health, Medexus Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Pfizer, Miravo Healthcare, Novartis, Sanofi, and Stallergenes-Greer - pharmaceutical companies actively promoting COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic products;

2. She has received money for speaking engagements from non-governmental agencies that are funded by ALK, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, CSL Behring, GlaxoSmithKline, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Medexus Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Miravo Healthcare, Novartis, Pfizer, Stallergenes Greer, Takeda, Teva, Valeo Pharma;

3. She practices medicine at multiple clinics that profit off of her patients taking a COVID-19 vaccine product;

4. She is employed at both McMaster University and University of Toronto, who have received millions of dollars in COVID-19, public health and vaccine-related funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative - groups with financial stake in the COVID-19 response and products;

5. She works for multiple organizations that received federal funding to develop propaganda to “increase vaccine confidence”;

6. She is otherwise associated with several other organizations that are partnered with or are funded by Fresenius Kabi, National Resilience Inc., Sanofi, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Patheon, Ceva, Labstat, Medicago, SiO2 Materials Science, Therapure BioPharma Inc., Biovectra, Apotex, EmpowerPharm, Alphora, Kisoji Biotechnology, JayChem, OctaPharma, NucroTechnics, NoNO Inc., Chemtura, AIMCo, Grantek, Purolator, Health Canada, and Ontario Genomics;

7. Abdurrahman is financially associated directly or indirectly in a manner relevant to COVID-19 with the World Economic Forum, BlackRock and Berkshire Hathaway.⁶ This connection is deeply troubling as the stated values, goals and associations of these supra-national organizations do not necessarily align with those of the voting Canadian population.

Dr. Zainab Abdurrahman must immediately resign from her role on the Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table due to her significant conflicts of interest that preferentially promote a limited set of pharmaceutical products, specifically vaccines. Based on the demonstrably false and otherwise misleading guidance provided by Dr. Abdurrahman and her affiliates, a full independent review must take place to investigate whether she or her institutions are and have been properly engaged in the process of informed consent with her patients.

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Zainab Abdurrahman

Abdurrahman provided identical disclosure forms to the OST on February 8, May 14, and August 30, 2021.

1. Albany Medical Clinic

Abdurrahman practices medicine at Albany Medical Clinic, which on December 19, 2021 instructed patients to “get boosted” with an additional COVID-19 shot when eligible due to the Omicron variant.⁷ Albany Medical Clinic advocates on behalf of COVID-19 vaccine policies and products, offering the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna products to their patients.⁸

2. Black Physicians Association of Ontario

Abdurrahman is a member of the Black Health & Vaccine Initiative in association with BPAO (Black Physicians of Ontario).⁹ She was a collaborator with BPAO in drafting the position statement on Black Health & the COVID 19 vaccines.¹⁰ The BPAO received a $1,000,000.00 donation from Scotiabank, MD Financial Management and the Canadian Medical Association in February 2021.¹¹

3. Black Scientists’ Task Force on Vaccine Equity

Abdurrahman is a member of the Black Scientists’ Task Force on Vaccine Equity, which was created in December 2020 “to share information about COVID-19 to the Black Canadian community and address their concerns about COVID-19 related issues.”¹² ¹³ Created by the City of Toronto in partnership with the TAIBU Community Health Centre to increase vaccine uptake/combat “vaccine hesitancy” among black people of African and Caribbean origins. Its membership includes mostly staff of the University of Toronto and its affiliated hospitals, professional lobbyists, and experienced developers of pharmaceutical products and vaccines. They also have connections to the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), McMaster University and Children’s Hospital, Sanofi, Fresenius Kabi, Teva Pharmaceuticals, National Resilience Inc., Patheon, Ceva, Labstat, Medicago, SiO2 Materials Science, Therapure BioPharma Inc., Biovectra, Apotex, EmpowerPharm, Alphora, Kisoji Biotechnology, JayChem, OctaPharma, NucroTechnics, NoNO Inc., Chemtura, AIMCo, Grantek, Purolator, Health Canada, Ontario Genomics, and the Ontario Ministry of Transportation, among others.¹⁴ ¹⁵

4. Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Abdurrahman is Fellows in Training co-Supervisor for the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (CSACI), from whom she receives funding for speakers bureau/honoraria and/or work on advisory boards.¹⁶ ¹⁷ The CSACI receives funding from AstraZeneca, Miravo Healthcare, GlaxoSmithKline, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Pfizer, Takeda, ALK, CSL Behring, Medexus Pharmaceuticals Inc., Novartis, Stallergenes Greer, Valeo Pharma, Teva, and Mead Johnson Nutrition.¹⁸ ¹⁹

5. CBC News

Abdurrahman has appeared in many news segments on CBC News discussing COVID-19 or related pharmaceutical companies:

• In a November 2019 segment, she advocated for Benadryl (a Johnson & Johnson product).²⁰

• In December 2020, she downplayed concerns about allergic reactions to ingredients in the vaccine products including polyethylene glycol (PEG).²¹

• Also in December 2020, she reiterated that severe adverse reactions such as anaphylaxis are not common and that the focus should be on the “thousands who are being inoculated and tolerating it well.”²²

• In January 2021, she commented “insect venom that could trigger a reaction in people in this situation is not a component in the vaccine profiles” in response to a situation where a woman didn’t want to take the COVID-19 shot because she had previously suffered an allergic reaction to the flu shot and had a honey bee allergy.²³

• In November 2021, she appeared alongside Supriya Sharma, Heath Canada's chief medical adviser, to discuss COVID-19 injections for children.²⁴ ²⁵

CBC/Radio-Canada has received substantial financial assistance from the Government of Canada under Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.²⁶ In May 2019, Trudeau joked that the reason the media let him and his party off easy is “because we paid them $600,000,000.00,” which he indeed did pay.²⁷ ²⁸

6. Food Allergy Canada

Zainab has contributed to articles published by Food Allergy Canada.²⁹ ³⁰ ³¹

Food Allergy Canada received $50,000.00 CAD from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERCC) for a Toronto, Ontario-based proposal titled "Encouraging vaccine confidence in Canadians at risk of anaphylaxis".³²

Their corporate partners are Bausch Health, Kaléo, Nestlé, PepsiCo, Pfizer, Scotiabank, SickKids Foundation, and TD Securities.³³ ³⁴

7. McMaster Children’s Hospital

Abdurrahman is employed at McMaster Children’s Hospital as the allergy lead in the Special Immunization Clinic focusing on vaccine allergy, where she has held clinics.³⁵

The hospital strongly advocates for children to receive COVID-19 injections, with particular emphasis on children with autism and neurodevelopmental disabilities. Their resources include links to pages discussing COVID-19’s “real negative effect on children”, dismissing natural immunity following infection, describing the shot as “a passport to a healthier life for your child”, myocarditis and more.³⁶ It is associated with the Department of Pediatrics at McMaster University.³⁷

The hospital receives funding via the Hamilton Health Sciences Foundation from corporate partners Costco Wholesale, the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO), SC Johnson, TD Bank Group, Sun Life Financial, Walmart, Microsoft, Shoppers Drug Mart, Berkshire Hathaway (via Duracell and Dairy Queen), Air Canada Foundation, and Marriott International.³⁸ ³⁹ ⁴⁰ ⁴¹ Additional donations have come from Loblaws, RBC (Royal Bank of Canada), and Scotiabank.⁴² Board of Directors members include representatives of BMO Financial Group/BMO Wealth Management, TMX Group, and National Bank Financial Wealth Management.

8. McMaster University

Abdurrahman is an Adjunct Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at McMaster University, where she completed her Pediatrics training as well as her subspecialty training in Clinical Immunology and Allergy.⁴³ Her academic interests include vaccine allergy, asthma, anaphylaxis, and food allergy, particularly the patient and caregiver experience. She also has a strong interest in medical education and is involved with the training of residents.

Her vaccine-related publications include:

• Vaccine allergy⁴⁴

  • She reported “receiving personal fees from Pfizer, outside the submitted work”. This was not reported in her OST disclosures or biography.

• Experiencing a first food allergic reaction: a survey of parent and caregiver perspectives⁴⁵

  • Funded by an educational grant from McMaster University.

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation funded McMaster for at least $21,102,813.00 through several grants relevant to the COVID-19 crisis from 2015-2019:

• $100,000.00 USD awarded to multiple projects to “fund studies that will facilitate research collaboration among researchers to address major COVID-19 research questions and reduce the harm of the current COVID-19 pandemic, while fostering global, multi-disciplinary collaborations.”⁴⁶ Research areas include:

  • Natural disease history, epidemiology and transmission

  • Vaccines and prophylaxis

  • Infection, prevention and control

  • Therapeutics

  • Clinical management

• $12,392,744.00 awarded “to identify and address ethical challenges, ethics-related risk, and policy gaps that have the potential to undermine the impact of potential life-saving technologies and interventions in global health and development research” from November 2019 until January 2028.⁴⁷

• $1,993,992.00 awarded “to find new lead molecules against diseases that disproportionately affect the world's poorest populations” from October 2018 until January 2023.⁴⁸

• $6,616,077.00 awarded “to identify and address ethical challenges, ethics-related risk, and policy gaps that have the potential to undermine the impact of potential life-saving technologies and interventions in global health and development research” from June 2015 until July 2021.⁴⁹

Additional grants from the Gates Foundation are currently being offered to McMaster:

• Up to $200,000.00 USD to explore using “Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing to Detect, Identify, and Characterize Pathogens”. The grant period is for up to 24 months and is co-administered with the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. The intended result of the funding is to “lead to a network of pathogen detection nodes that could provide increased global transparency into regional pathogen distribution in an accurate and timely manner, and in ultimate support of a global pathogen surveillance network.”⁵⁰

• Up to $200,000.00 USD to “identify areas for transformational innovation in service of national NTD [neglected tropical disease] programs” in Africa.⁵¹

• Up to $500,000.00 USD to increase the participation in “Digital Health Services for Pregnant Women to Support Antenatal Risk Stratification in Sub-Saharan Africa”.⁵²

• Up to $3,000,000.00 USD to build “a stronger malaria mathematical modeling ecosystem in sub-Saharan Africa”.⁵³

The Gates Foundation funded McMaster’s participation in the Together COVID-19 Trial which resulted in a dismissal of Ivermectin and an endorsement of Fluvoxamine.⁵⁴ ⁵⁵ ⁵⁶ ⁵⁷

McMaster also received a total of $123,986.00 CAD in 2020-2021 from the Hamilton Community Foundation, with $10,000 marked for “COVID-19 impact” and $7265.00 for “health promotion for older Hamiltonians”.⁵⁸

Two awards totalling $95,500.00 CAD were given to McMaster through “Encouraging vaccine confidence in Canada”, a federal grant program jointly administered by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).⁵⁹ The purpose of the grant was to overcome "vaccine hesitancy" caused by "complex factors" such as those "dependent on science literacy levels" or "personal or societal" reasons. The fund was made available to "support organizations with strong track records of science and/or health promotion to deliver evidence-based, vaccine-promoting information to key communities and groups and/or to build capacity in the community to promote confidence in vaccines".⁶⁰ The project applications were titled "Encouraging vaccine confidence among pregnant and breastfeeding Canadians", and "Immune Nations: The Vaccine Project".⁶¹

McMaster claimed to be among the first in the world to isolate the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but was unable to provide evidence of their accomplishment when compelled through a Freedom of Information request (which does not demonstrate the lack of existence of the virus, but may indicate lack of transparency with the public about another aspect of McMaster’s role in the crisis).⁶² ⁶³

McMaster’s Endowment Fund is managed by BlackRock, Brookfield Asset Management, and Morgan Stanley (among others) as of April 30, 2021.⁶⁴

9. Ontario College of Family Physicians

Abdurrahman receives funding from through fees paid for speakers bureau/honoraria, and/or for work on advisory boards from the Ontario College of Family Physicians (OCFP). One such speaking engagement was “Update on COVID-19 vaccines - Part 2”, the fourteenth instalment of the “Changing the way we work” series delivered alongside the University of Toronto.⁶⁵

The OCFP is partnered with Immunize Canada, which is funded by Pfizer, Moderna, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi and Seqirus.⁶⁶

10. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table

Abdurrahman is a member of the Drugs & Biologics Clinical Practice Guidelines Working Group on the Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table.⁶⁷

11. OntarioMD

Abdurrahman is employed by OntarioMD as a Physician Peer Leader, where she also sits on the Board of Directors.⁶⁸ OntarioMD is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Ontario Medical Association, funded by the Province of Ontario.⁶⁹ This is not fully disclosed on her OST disclosure forms, and is omitted from her OST bio.

12. Ontario Medical Association

Abdurrahman is the Chair for the Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology at the Ontario Medical Association as well as a member of the OMA Civility, Diversity, and Inclusion committee. She was elected to the board in May 2021.⁷⁰ ⁷¹

She features in the following OMA videos:

• “Doctors. We lead you to better health. (FULL)”⁷²

  • A poster can be seen in the background at 1:31, that says “Vaccines. Ask your Doctor. Not the Internet.”

• “Meet the Doctors: Dr. Zainab Abdurrahman”⁷³

The OMA receives significant funding through the Ontario Medical Foundation from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pfizer, Pharmacia (now a Pfizer company. Former parent company of Monsanto.)⁷⁴ ⁷⁵

13. Pharmaceutical Companies

Abdurrahman receives funding from through fees paid for speakers bureau/honoraria, and for work on advisory boards from the following pharmaceutical companies:

• ALK (allergy pharmaceuticals)

• Bausch Health (pharmaceutical company testing virazole for COVID-19 treatment)⁷⁶

• Medexus Pharmaceuticals (formerly Pediapharm - rare disease pharmaceutical company)⁷⁷

• Merck

• Miravo Healthcare (formerly Aralez)

• Novartis

• Pfizer (this was not reported in her OST disclosures or biography)⁷⁸

• Sanofi-Genzyme Covis (specialty care global business unit of Sanofi, focused on rare diseases, rare blood disorders, neurology, immunology, and oncology)⁷⁹

• Stallergenes-Greer (global biopharmaceutical company headquartered in London, specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory allergies through immunotherapy)⁸⁰

She also holds stock and/or stock options in Pediapharm (presumably under the new name Medexus Pharmaceuticals), and other unnamed “health care based ETFs”, noting she therefore “may have holdings in pharmaceutical companies”.

14. Public Health Agency of Canada

Abdurrahman conducted “contract work for the Public Health Agency of Canada” in 2005.⁸¹

15. Q & A Allergy

Abdurrahman practices medicine at Q & A Allergy in Mississauga.⁸² The clinic advocates for patients with allergies to components of the COVID-19 shots to take a dose anyway, even after an initial allergic reaction.⁸³

16. Scarborough Health Centre

Abdurrahman practices medicine at Scarborough Health Centre.⁸⁴ As a member of Scarborough Health Network, the facility receives funding from a very long list of organizations that create a potential conflict of interest, including Pfizer, Janssen/Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, IBM, Novartis, Sanofi, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Amgen, Abbott, Merck, University of Toronto, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Canadian Pacific Railway Co., AbbVie, Coca-Cola, and others.⁸⁵

17. St Joseph's Healthcare System

Abdurrahman has hospital privileges at St Joseph's Healthcare System, a University of Toronto-associated hospital who receives funding from Abbott Laboratories,⁸⁶ Janssen/Johnson & Johnson,⁸⁷ ⁸⁸ ⁸⁹ Pfizer,⁹⁰ Merck,⁹¹ Rogers Communications, Sanofi, and Eli Lilly.⁹² Employs Richard Choi, husband of Medical Officer of Health for the City of Toronto Eileen de Villa.⁹³

18. University of Toronto

Abdurrahman is a 2007 graduate of the University of Toronto Medical School.⁹⁴ U of T hosts and funds the Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table through the Dalla Lana School of Public Medicine.⁹⁵ The University received $49,418.00 CAD from the “Encouraging vaccine confidence in Canada” grant from the Government of Canada via the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), for a proposal titled "Training peers in motivational interviewing to increase vaccine confidence among healthcare workers in a large, urban healthcare institution".⁹⁶

COVID-19 Report: Zainab Abdurrahman

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Full report including Appendix A and B.

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1. About Us. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from https://covid19-sciencetable.ca/about/

2. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table | News, Videos & Articles. Global News; Corus Entertainment Inc. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://archive.ph/gzMxp

3. Crawley, M. (2022, January 6). As Omicron sweeps across Ontario, Doug Ford’s government braces for impact. CBC News; CBC/Radio-Canada. https://archive.ph/j7cYn

4. Behavioural Science Working Group. (2021, December 23). Ask Ontario’s Science Table: Omicron Edition. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table. https://covid19-sciencetable.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Slide-Deck_Ask-the-SAT_20211223-3.pdf

5. See Appendix A for background information surrounding these companies and COVID-19

6. See Appendix B for citations regarding the World Economic Forum

7. Specialists. Albany Medical Clinic. Retrieved December 19, 2021, from https://www.albanyclinic.ca/medical-staff/specialists/

8. COVID-19 Key Resources. (2021). Albany Medical Clinic. https://www.albanyclinic.ca/covid-19/

9. Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine: Making Evidence-Based Choices for Black Children and Youth. (2021, November 9). Toronto District School Board. https://archive.ph/qLi5C

10. Black Health Alliance, Black Physicians’ Association of Ontario, Black Opportunity Fund, & BlackNorth Initiative. (2021). POSITION STATEMENT BLACK HEALTH AND THE COVID-19 VACCINES. Black Physicians Association of Ontario. https://bpao.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/FINAL_BHA-BPAO-BNI-BOF-Black-Health-COVID-19-Vaccines-Position-Statement-March -12-2021_For-Release.pdf

11. Scotiabank. (2021, February 25). Scotiabank, MD Financial Management and the Canadian Medical Association announce $1 million to support the Black Physicians’ Association of Ontario. Cision Newswire. https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/scotiabank-md-financial-management-and-the-canadian-medical-association-announce-1-milli

12. Black Scientists’ Task Force on Vaccine Equity. https://www.torontoblackcovid.com/

13. Anielska, M. (2021, February 15). U of T professor chairs Black Scientists’ Task Force striving for equitable vaccine rollout for Black community. The Varsity. https://thevarsity.ca/2021/02/14/u-of-t-professor-chairs-black-scientists-task-force-striving-for-equitable-vaccine-rollout-for-black-community/

14. Our Clients. Brevitas. Retrieved December 28, 2021, from https://www.brevitas.us/our-clients/

15. Meet Our Team. Brevitas. Retrieved December 28, 2021, from https://www.brevitas.us/meet-our-team/#

16. Zainab Abdurrahman. CSACI. Retrieved January 2, 2022, from https://archive.ph/GnOkM

17. Abdurrahman, Z. (2021, August 30). Declaration of Interest. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table. https://covid19-sciencetable.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Declaration-of-Interest_Drugs-and-Biologics-Clinical-Practice-GuidelinesWorking-Group_Zainab-Abdurrahman_20210830.pdf

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20. On CBC News November 2019. (2019, November). LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/in/z-abdurrahman-draforallergy/detail/overlay-view/urn:li:fsd_profileTreasuryMedia:(ACoAACBs6mkBViF9zPa gONeFUz1yW8SWu9Oh-Dg,1574308226409)/

21. Clinical allergist answers key questions about vaccine. (2020, December 15). CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1831981635920

22. Severe COVID-19 vaccine reactions like anaphylaxis not common, says specialist. (2020, December). CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1833481795921

23. Ghonaim, H. (2021, January 21). Covid vaccination requirement means lost opportunity for Guelph, Ont., nurse. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/guelph-nurse-waterloo-health-covid-mandatory-vaccination-1.5873659

24. Bresnahan, R. (2021, November 22). Experts answer your questions about kids and COVID-19 vaccines. CBC Radio. https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1976583235889

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26. Ronnie. (2020, November 5). Media In Canada Obedient To Gov’t Covid Narrative Largely Because Of Subsidies. Canuck Law. https://archive.ph/44WNq

27. Free Your Mind. (2021, September 20). JUSTIN TRUDEAU BUSTED ON CAMERA ADMITTING OF BUYING OUT CANADIAN NEWS MEDIA WITH TAXPAYERS MONEY. BitChute; EUMELs Media Library. https://archive.ph/8FUaA

28. Fildebrandt, D. (2020, October 10). How Trudeau bought the media. The Western Standard; Wildrose Media Corp. https://web.archive.org/web/20201023221550/https://westernstandardonline.com/2020/10/how-trudeau-bought-the-media/

29. Abdurrahman, Z., & Upton, J. (2018, December 27). Mythbuster: Someone who has been treated with an epinephrine auto-injector doesn’t necessarily need to go to the hospital. Food Allergy Canada. https://foodallergycanada.ca/mythbuster-someone-who-has-been-treated-with-an-epinephrine-auto-injector-doesnt-necessarily-need-t o-go-to-the-hospital/

30. From the community. (2016, November 10). Food Allergy Canada. https://archive.ph/wVYKu

31. Food Allergy Testing - What’s it All About? (2016, January 3). Food Allergy Canada. https://foodallergycanada.ca/food-allergy-testing-whats-it-all-about/

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33. Who we work with. Food Allergy Canada. Retrieved January 2, 2022, from https://foodallergycanada.ca/our-impact-advocacy-and-services/about-us/who-we-work-with/

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35. Flanders, D. (2012, December 5). Kindercare Pediatrics Welcomes Dr. Zainab Abdurrahman, Pediatric Clinical Immunologist and Allergist. Kindercare Pediatrics. https://archive.ph/D0gPY

36. COVID-19 vaccines for children and youth. Hamilton Health Sciences. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://archive.ph/wDsUJ

37. Mikrogianakis, A. Department of Pediatrics. Faculty of Health Sciences; McMaster University. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://archive.ph/xwBue

38. Corporate Partners. Hamilton Health Sciences Foundation. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://archive.ph/KBvsD

39. CCHF Partners. Hamilton Health Sciences Foundation. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://archive.ph/t3o5a

40. Jurus, J., & Veenema, P. F. (2020). Donor Report 2019. Hamilton Health Sciences Foundation (p. 26). https://global-uploads.webflow.com/5ec6d7eacba02558af94ec4c/601031d7154936893499d64d_report-2019-annual-web.pdf

41. Jurus, J., & Veenema, P. F. (2019). 2018 Donor Report. Hamilton Health Sciences Foundation (p. 20). https://global-uploads.webflow.com/5ec6d7eacba02558af94ec4c/5edfd6c4dd2034c75cd88ae9_report-2018-annual-web.pdf

42. Thomas, K., & Veenema, P. F. (2021). Beyond the Frontlines - Donor Report 2020. Hamilton Health Sciences Foundation (p. 24). https://global-uploads.webflow.com/5ec6d7eacba02558af94ec4c/6066169662c7251c8d03086b_2021%20Annual%20Report%20web.pdf

43. Zainab Abdurrahman - McMaster Experts. McMaster University. Retrieved December 19, 2021, from https://experts.mcmaster.ca/display/abdurraz

44. Chu, D. K., & Abdurrahman, Z. (2019). Vaccine allergy. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 191(14), E395–E395. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.190208

45. Abdurrahman, Z. B., Kastner, M., Wurman, C., Harada, L., Bantock, L., Cruickshank, H., & Waserman, S. (2013). Experiencing a first food allergic reaction: a survey of parent and caregiver perspectives. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1710-1492-9-18

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